RING CURRENCY
The Forgotten Tin Ring Currency of the Malay Peninsula
From early 1400' until well past the middle of the 19th. century,
tin ingots in a variety of shapes and sizes were used as money on the west coast of the Malay Peninsula (Shaw & Kassim, 1971)
tin ingots in a variety of shapes and sizes were used as money on the west coast of the Malay Peninsula (Shaw & Kassim, 1971)
THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO
Click map for bigger version at my Obsolete Tin Currency blog.
The use of tin currencies issued by the Malay Peninsula was not restricted to areas in the peninsula but extends to a large area in the Malay Archipelago. Although the term Malay Archipelago is widely used, there is no official definition for this area. The widely accepted definition would include Malaysia (the Malay Peninsula, including southern Thailand that connects the Peninsula to the Asian mainland), Brunei, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and islands in the waters surrounded by these large islands. (Source - Bank Negara Malaysia, 1995. Pameran Matawang Perdagangan Kepulauan Melayu (18 Mei - 14 Jun 1995) Unit Muzium Matawang, Bank Negara Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, p. 9.)
Click map for bigger version at my Obsolete Tin Currency blog.
The use of tin currencies issued by the Malay Peninsula was not restricted to areas in the peninsula but extends to a large area in the Malay Archipelago. Although the term Malay Archipelago is widely used, there is no official definition for this area. The widely accepted definition would include Malaysia (the Malay Peninsula, including southern Thailand that connects the Peninsula to the Asian mainland), Brunei, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and islands in the waters surrounded by these large islands. (Source - Bank Negara Malaysia, 1995. Pameran Matawang Perdagangan Kepulauan Melayu (18 Mei - 14 Jun 1995) Unit Muzium Matawang, Bank Negara Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, p. 9.)
CLASSIFICATION OF RING CURRENCY
There is no known classification of the tin Ring Currency. In my yet to be published book entitled The Forgotten Tin Ring Currency of the Malay Peninsula a detailed classification of the currency is made based on research carried out.
The Ring Currency can be classified into the following broad categories..
TYPE A - Ring(s) at the base of the figure.
TYPE B - Figure in between rings.
TYPE C - Ring(s) without figure.
Note - Sub-classification of the above will be revealed in future postings on the blog.
The Ring Currency can be classified into the following broad categories..
TYPE A - Ring(s) at the base of the figure.
TYPE B - Figure in between rings.
TYPE C - Ring(s) without figure.
Note - Sub-classification of the above will be revealed in future postings on the blog.
Degree of Scarcity
S - Scarce
R - Rare
RR - Very Rare
RRR - Extremely Rare
RRRR - Highest state of rarity
UNIQUE - Only one piece known to exist
R - Rare
RR - Very Rare
RRR - Extremely Rare
RRRR - Highest state of rarity
UNIQUE - Only one piece known to exist
Thursday, October 14, 2010
APOLOGIES
Thank you for visiting my blog. I have not been able to update my blog for about 2 months due to unforeseen circumstances. Please bear with me. I will try my best to update the blog with new posts soon.
Saturday, August 14, 2010
BROKEN ITEM VS. COMPLETE ITEM 1
This broken item is Ring Currency Type B i.e. figure in between rings.
The complete version of this item is as presented below.
These items were acquired through a well known dealer in Indonesia. They were presumably found in Indonesia, excavated at a site or extracted from the bottom of a river in Sumatera. A few of these items are known to exist.
This item is a bird in between rings (Type B). Looking at the head of the figure, one may argue that the figure is a cockerel but based on my knowledge it is not. This is because cockerel designs in Ring Currency is distinct and has certain similarity in design feature. This will be explored in future postings.
I find it fascinating to have certain broken items added into my collection and to discover a complete version of similar item months and years later and, to find out their true complete form in the complete item.
The complete version of this item is as presented below.
These items were acquired through a well known dealer in Indonesia. They were presumably found in Indonesia, excavated at a site or extracted from the bottom of a river in Sumatera. A few of these items are known to exist.
This item is a bird in between rings (Type B). Looking at the head of the figure, one may argue that the figure is a cockerel but based on my knowledge it is not. This is because cockerel designs in Ring Currency is distinct and has certain similarity in design feature. This will be explored in future postings.
I find it fascinating to have certain broken items added into my collection and to discover a complete version of similar item months and years later and, to find out their true complete form in the complete item.
Friday, August 6, 2010
AROUND THE NET - KEDAH TIN COCKERELS PERCHED ON RINGS
Here is a numismatic blog (in Malay) with mention on Ring Currency Fazil Numismatic and Philatelic Society.
Thursday, July 29, 2010
Monday, July 26, 2010
SPINK-TAISEI SINGAPORE COIN AUCTION CATALOGUE 6 - LOT 41
As mentioned in the most recent post the 2 items of Lot 41 may be part of Lot 31.
The first item (above) is what I categorized as Ring Currency Type B with stand. The other item (below) is a tin cockerel (Animal Currency) with stringing ring at the back.
Take note of the four "strand of feathers" of the cockerel. This seems to be a common feature for tin cockerels of Animal Currency as well as the Ring Currency.
I am not able to include the description of the items as per catalogue due to missing pages but I will update the post should the information be available later.
Note: The images posted here are for reference and educational purposes and will be immediately removed if so required by copyright owner(s).
The first item (above) is what I categorized as Ring Currency Type B with stand. The other item (below) is a tin cockerel (Animal Currency) with stringing ring at the back.
Take note of the four "strand of feathers" of the cockerel. This seems to be a common feature for tin cockerels of Animal Currency as well as the Ring Currency.
I am not able to include the description of the items as per catalogue due to missing pages but I will update the post should the information be available later.
Note: The images posted here are for reference and educational purposes and will be immediately removed if so required by copyright owner(s).
Sunday, July 25, 2010
SPINK-TAISEI SINGAPORE COIN AUCTION CATALOGUE 6 - RING CURRENCY TYPE B
There are 5 items of what I categorize as Type B in Spink-Taisei Coin Auction Catalogues 6. Type B is ring currency type with figure either cockerel or bird in between 2 rings.
Lot 31 under Malay Sultanate category on Plate 2 are 4 items of Ring Currency.
Lot 31 under Malay Sultanate category on Plate 2 are 4 items of Ring Currency.
Item 1
Item 2
Item 3
Item 4
Lot 31, Plate 2 - Perak: Animal Currency, tin "cockerel" money (Duit Ayam) (6) each with ring on back and legs. Another, with ring on back. 18 century (SS 54 - 61). Very fine to extremely fine, very rare. (As per catalogue description, size and weight information not provided).
Note - Description mentioned 6 items but only 4 items (as presented above) were labeled as Lot 31. Two items that are labeled as Lot 41 (that will be presented in a separate posting) are likely to be part of Lot 31.
Note: The images posted here are for reference and educational purposes and will be immediately removed if so required by copyright owner(s).
Estimate = US$1,250 - 1,500
Realized = ?
Note - Description mentioned 6 items but only 4 items (as presented above) were labeled as Lot 31. Two items that are labeled as Lot 41 (that will be presented in a separate posting) are likely to be part of Lot 31.
Although described as cockerel money, I regard the above items as birds and not cockerel. In my research and study an item is only regarded as cockerel when the figure can be determined as a cockerel without doubt. Other items are broadly categorized as bird. The cockerel and bird items are all categorized as Ring Currency and not as cockerel money (Duit Ayam) a term that I find restrictive and misleading simply because the Ring Currency is not limited to items with cockerel figures only.
In my research and study I recognize that certain ring on animal currencies as being created for stringing purposes. As for items of Ring Currency Type B above, the ring on the back of the item is taken as part of the ring feature and not designed for stringing purposes although it can also function as that.
The above Type B items are what I regard as Type B with "embedded" rings. For certain Type B items the rings are clearly seen as being "attached" to the figure. The rings for the embedded type are part of the figure as a whole and sometimes appear as holes on the item/figure rather than as ring.
The few items similar to the above items in my collection are all obtained through dealers outside Malaysia.
Note: The images posted here are for reference and educational purposes and will be immediately removed if so required by copyright owner(s).
Wednesday, July 21, 2010
SPINK-TAISEI SINGAPORE COIN AUCTION CATALOGUE 6 - RING CURRENCY TYPE A
Auction catalogues are a good source for researching Ring Currency / Money (and Animal Currency / Money) however old catalogues are difficult to obtain and not many contain such items due to limited number of items being put up for auction over the years. This particular catalogue that I am referring to was obtained through a friend who is a coin dealer in Singapore. This Spink-Taisei Coin Auction was held at Hotel New Otani Singapore more than 20 years ago.
My favourite Ring Currency item in this catalogue is Lot 7 of the Malay Sultanate category on Plate 1. This beautiful item has a distinctive cockerel perching on one and a half rings. It is not known whether the half ring is in its original condition or broken. So far I have not seen any Ring Currency items with half ring as such I am inclined to believe that this item is highly likely to be a broken item. The item has an unusual bridge between the rings in the shape of a star that is similar to a plain 2-ring item (i.e. without perching cockerel) in my collection.
The only other 2-ring item in the catalogue is Item 1 in Lot 4 consisting 3 other items also on Plate 1.The design of this item is not as elaborate as item Lot 7 above and the design of the rings are relatively common. Item 2 in Lot 8 is the only 1-ring item in the catalogue. Taking the size of similar items in my collection, Item 2 is likely to be very small in size, not exceeding 15mm in length and width.
Items 3 and 4 in Lot 8 are very similar in design and are suspected to be with ring(s) in their original condition.
Information on the location where the above items were found was not made available in the catalogue.
Note: The images posted here are for reference and educational purposes and will be immediately removed if so required by copyright owner(s).
My favourite Ring Currency item in this catalogue is Lot 7 of the Malay Sultanate category on Plate 1. This beautiful item has a distinctive cockerel perching on one and a half rings. It is not known whether the half ring is in its original condition or broken. So far I have not seen any Ring Currency items with half ring as such I am inclined to believe that this item is highly likely to be a broken item. The item has an unusual bridge between the rings in the shape of a star that is similar to a plain 2-ring item (i.e. without perching cockerel) in my collection.
Lot 7 - Plate 1
Lot 7, Plate 1 - Kedah: "Fighting Cock" tin money (Duit Ayam), with one and half rings at bottom. 18 century (SS 20a). Very fine, extremely rare. (As per catalogue description, size and weight information not provided).
Estimate = US$800 - US$1,000
Realized = ?
The only other 2-ring item in the catalogue is Item 1 in Lot 4 consisting 3 other items also on Plate 1.The design of this item is not as elaborate as item Lot 7 above and the design of the rings are relatively common. Item 2 in Lot 8 is the only 1-ring item in the catalogue. Taking the size of similar items in my collection, Item 2 is likely to be very small in size, not exceeding 15mm in length and width.
Item 1
Item 2
Item 3
Item 4
Lot 8 (4 pieces.) - Kedah: "Fighting cock" tin money (Duit Ayam), with two rings at bottom. Another with one ring at bottom. Others (2) without ring. 18th. century (SS 20a). Very fine, extremely rare. (As per catalogue description, size and weight information not provided).
Estimate = US$2,500 - US$3,000
Realized = ?
Items 3 and 4 in Lot 8 are very similar in design and are suspected to be with ring(s) in their original condition.
Information on the location where the above items were found was not made available in the catalogue.
Note: The images posted here are for reference and educational purposes and will be immediately removed if so required by copyright owner(s).
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